Evaluation of the effects of the preventive program Saluda according to the age of the participants / Evaluación de los efectos del programa preventivo Saluda según la edad de los participantes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21134/haaj.v9i1.53Keywords:
Adolescencia, prevención, alcohol, consumo, abuso, jóvenes. / Keywords, Alcohol, abuse, cognitive abilities, young women students.Abstract
El objetivo de la presente investigación fue conocer los efectos del programa preventivo Saluda en dos rangos de edad: adolescencia temprana y adolescencia media. Para ello se utilizó una muestra de 543 estudiantes de educación secundaria con edades comprendidas entre los 11 y los 16 años. Se llevó a cabo un análisis intergrupal mediante una prueba ANOVA de un factor con prueba de Schefée y tamaños del efecto para las comparaciones significativas. Los resultados obtenidos confirman que el programa se muestra eficaz para ambos rangos de edad, aunque se identifican efectos específicos. La magnitud del cambio es mayor en el rango de edad de 11 a 13 años en cuanto a la norma percibida, frecuencia e intención de consumo, mientras que el efecto del programa en la variable percepción de riesgo es similar en los dos rangos de edad.
Abstract
Empirical evidence has shown that alcohol abuse may negatively affect to certain cognitive functions. The aim of this paper was to analyze the relationship between alcohol consumption and certain cognitive abilities (memory, perception and reasoning) in university students. Two questionnaires were used to assess the young women addictive profile and to assess several the subjects' performance on tasks involving cognitive skills. A total of 100 women between 18 and 25 years, divided into two groups following the WHO criteria was involved in the study: consumers at risk (n = 31) and low-risk users (n = 69). In terms of results, on the one hand, the consumers at risk group showed a more severe pattern of consumption in terms of substance, frequency of consumption and rates of fulfill criteria for abuse. Furthermore, in terms of cognitive abilities significant differences between groups in abstract reasoning and perception were found. The results show trends of how alcohol abuse might affect cognitive functioning in young women. Future studies could deepen the deficit and bring light into the improvement of preventive and therapeutic techniques in this field.
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