Spanish Validation of the Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST-20 y DAST-10) / Validación española del Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST-20 y DAST-10)

Abstract

Objetivo: Este estudio evalúa las propiedades psicométricas de dos versiones abreviadas de la Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST-10 y DAST-20) en una población adulta española.
Metodologí­a: Se administró la adaptación española del DAST, en sus versiones abreviadas de 20 y 10 í­tems, a doscientos cincuenta y nueve sujetos (121 adictos a sustancias y 138 controles sanos). Analizamos las propiedades psicométricas de ambos instrumentos, utilizando criterios DSM-IV TR como patrón de referencia.
Resultados: Ambas versiones registraron una alta consistencia interna (α = 0,93 y α = 0,89, para DAST-20 y DAST-10, respectivamente. El análisis factorial exploratorio extrajo cinco factores en el DAST-20, justificando el 74,12% de la varianza, y dos componentes en el DAST-10 que explicaron el 62,18% de ésta. Los puntos de corte > 5/6 (DAST-20) y ≥ 3 (DAST-10) evidenciaron un elevado grado de concordancia con los
criterios DSM-IV TR (κDAST-20 = 0,96 y κDAST-10 = 0,91), clasificando correctamente al 98,07% y 95,36% de los sujetos, respectivamente.
Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos evidencian que tanto el DAST-10 como el DAST-20 son instrumentos válidos y fiables para detectar el abuso de drogas entre adultos.

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate psychometric properties of both brief DAST versions (DAST-10 and DAST-20) in Spanish adult population.
Methods: 259 (121 drug users and 138 healthy controls) were explored. Both brief 10 and 20 items Spanish adapted DAST rating scales were administrated by skilled personnel. Psychometric properties of those questionnaires were analized using DSM-IV TR criteria as gold standard.
Results: Both DAST versions registered a high internal reliability (α = .93 and α = .89 for DAST-20 and DAST-10, respectively). The exploratory factor analysis extracted five factors in the DAST 20, justifying 74.12 % of variance, and two components in the DAST-10 that explained 62.18% of this. Cut-off points ≥ 5/6 (DAST-20) and ≥ 3 (DAST-10) evidenced a high agreement with DSM-IV TR diagnosis (κDAST-20 = .96 y κDAST-10 = .91), correctly classifying the 98.07 % and 95.36 % of the subjects, respectively.
Conclusion: In this study results show that both DAST-10 and DAST- 20 might be considered valid and reliable instruments in drug abuse detection in adult population.