The crossroad of addiction. Different models in the study of drug dependence
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21134/haaj.v16i2.267Keywords:
addictions, biomedical model, bio-psycho-social model, socio-cultural model.Abstract
The idea of addiction as a “disease of the brain” arises as an attempt to explain in neurobiological and scientific terms the compulsive use of certain drugs. But the problems of a model constrained to the boundaries of the nervous system, as well as the critics from disciplines focused on psychological, social, and cultural phenomena, resulted in the emergence of new theoretical models, questioning the idea of addiction as a disease confined to the limits of the brain. This article presents, under three main models, different scientific approaches to the study of addictions. Firstly, the biomedical model will be described, with its main features and difficulties, after confining addiction under a brainbound model. Secondly, the bio-psycho-social model and its interest for psychological and environmental variables. This new model triggers certain adjustments within the biomedical perspective, but also new critical perspectives to its neurobiological approach. Thirdly, the socio-cultural model, mostly under the guidance of qualitative research in social sciences, and focusing on culture and social context. Finally, the article will address some reflections on the definition of addiction, considering the crossroads between the levels mentioned by the different models.
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