Funcionamiento neurocognitivo en el uso recreativo de la de ketamina: una revisión de alcance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21134/haaj.v24i1.782Palabras clave:
ketamina, neurocognitivo, uso de sustancias, abstinencia, revisión narrativaResumen
Introducción: La ketamina es un anestésico disociativo que actúa como antagonista de los receptores NMDA, que desempeñan un papel crucial en el fortalecimiento del aprendizaje y la memoria. No es de extrañar que su uso re-petido pueda estar asociado al deterioro de las funciones cognitivas.
Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una revisión de alcance de los efectos neurocognitivos del uso re-creativo de la ketamina.
Método: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en PyscINFO, PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science para el periodo 2000-2020. Finalmente, se incluyeron en la revisión 25 artículos originales.
Resultados y conclusiones: Los resultados revelan que 1) el consumo agudo de ketamina produce déficits en la memoria de trabajo, la memoria semántica y la memoria episódica, 2) el consumo frecuente de ketamina se ha aso-ciado con el deterioro de la memoria episódica y, posiblemente, del aprendizaje, la función ejecutiva, la atención y la memoria semántica, 3) las personas diagnosticadas con trastorno por consumo de ketamina presentan déficits en la memoria episódica visual y verbal, la memoria de trabajo y la atención, 4) los déficits detectados pueden mejorar e incluso revertir tras un periodo de abstinencia.
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