El cuerpo y la ley: una visión general de un lugar para la salud en el actual enfoque prohibicionista de la drogodependencia en Brasil

Manoel Nobre; Ana Carolina Kurihara

doi:10.21134/haaj.v23i1.721

Autores/as

Manoel Nobre University of São Paulo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1837-9429
Ana Carolina Kurihara Departamento de Psicologia, Uni-FACEF. Franca, São Paulo, Brasil, 14401-426. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4448-752X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21134/haaj.v23i1.721

Palabras clave:

Adicción, Cerebro, Comportamiento, Prohibicionismo, Reducción de daños, Salud

Resumen

Este artículo evalúa la política pública prohibicionista de Brasil para tratar la adicción a las drogas y los problemas relacionados a éstas, investigando si el enfoque actual es adecuado para abordar las complicaciones que rodean el uso indebido de drogas. Intentamos arrojar luz sobre este tema enfatizando varios aspectos de los efectos de las drogas en los sistemas corporales, el comportamiento y la personalidad de usuarios de drogas. Asimismo, revisamos la investigación neurocientífica actual centrada en el estudio de los trastornos derivados de la drogodependencia, con un énfasis particular en la motivación, mecanismos subyacentes al uso, abuso y abstinencia. Concluimos que promover y hacer cumplir medidas regulatorias, leyes y otras estrategias de salud pública dirigidas a combatir la adicción a las drogas solo se puede lograr con el entendimiento y la aceptación de que la droga interfiere seve- ramente en los dominios físico, emocional y cognitivo, aprisionando al sujeto a la motivación incontrolada que lo impulsa hacia la droga. El objetivo del presente informe es explorar esta ambigüedad a la luz de la propuesta de re- ducción de daños para enfrentar el fenómeno de la adicción a las drogas. Al evaluar las políticas públicas existentes en el campo de la drogadicción, la estrategia de reducción de daños parece ser más apropiada en el contexto de la promoción de la salud, especialmente cuando se consideran las idiosincrasias de los drogodependientes.

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Biografía del autor/a

Manoel Nobre, University of São Paulo

J. Nobre, PhD MS, holds a bachelor's degree in Psychology, a master's degree in Theory and Research of Behavior, and a doctoral and post-doctoral degree in Psychobiology and Psychology, respectively. In addition to his involvement with teaching at the University of São Paulo and the Municipal University Center of Franca, Brazil, his interests include the research of the psychophysiological, behavioral and social aspects of drug addiction.

Ana Carolina Kurihara, Departamento de Psicologia, Uni-FACEF. Franca, São Paulo, Brasil, 14401-426.

Ana C. Z. S. Kurihara, MS, is a physician with extensive experience in community healthcare. She earned a medical degree and completed her residency in Family Medicine. She later received her master's degree in Regional Development from the Municipal University Center of Franca, Brasil (2020), where she is currently teaching on the medical program.

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