Neurobiología de la Patología Dual
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21134/haaj.v17i2.310Palabras clave:
neurobiología, trastornos relacionados con sustancias, trastornos mentales, revisiónResumen
Introducción: Los pacientes con Patología Dual se caracterizan por una presentación clínica heterogénea, más severa y difícil de tratar. Debido a la frecuente asociación de ambas patologías se postula la existencia de vías neurobiológicas comunes.
Objetivo: Revisar la bibliografía existente acerca de la neurobiología de la Patología Dual en Pubmed con las palabras clave: Dual Disorders, Dual Pathology, co-occurring disorders, concurrent disorders y Neurobiology o Neurobiological aspects, para conocer los avances que se tienen a este respecto. Se incluyeron solo los artículos y textos que trataran el tema específico Neurobiología de la Patología Dual.
Desarrollo del tema: El presente artículo expone la relación que existe entre los trastornos mentales y los trastornos por uso de sustancias en los substratos neurobiológicos dopaminérgico, glutamatérgico, gabaérgico, opioide, endocannabinoide y colinérgico-nicotínico.
Conclusiones: Las vías de vulnerabilidad biológicas descritas juegan un rol central para el desarrollo de la patología dual, posiblemente resultado de alteraciones comunes en el neurodesarrollo. Este enfoque de vías neurobiológicas comunes permitirá abrir nuevos campos de investigación sobre la fisiopatología de la Patología Dual, y proveer nuevos blancos para su prevención y tratamiento.
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