Efficacy of scholar’s prevention programs according to the preventive agent: professors versus experts / Eficacia de los programas de prevención escolar en función del agente preventivo: profesores vs expertos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21134/haaj.v10i2.31Keywords:
Prevención, programas escolares, drogas de abuso, revisión, agente de aplicación del programa, eficacia. / Keywords, Prevention, school-based programs, drug abuse, review, program provider effectiveness.Abstract
A lo largo de la literatura científica, se observa que los estudios que evalúan la eficacia de los programas escolares de prevención del abuso de sustancias han empleado una amplia gama de agentes de intervención. Sin embargo, en España, los programas escolares en la práctica cotidiana, en su gran mayoría, son aplicados únicamente por el profesorado de los centros escolares. A este respecto algunas investigaciones sugieren que la variable tipo de aplicador afecta a la eficacia de los programas escolares de prevención del consumo de drogas. En este artículo se presenta una revisión de estudios que comparan los resultados obtenidos en los programas escolares cuando son aplicados por los profesores habituales del aula frente a otros agentes externos al centro. Tomados en conjunto, los resultados de los estudios revisados son contradictorios y, por tanto, la evidencia no es concluyente. No obstante, se destaca el papel moderador de la variable tipo de monitor sobre los efectos de los programas. Por último, se recomienda conducir estudios que evalúen las características específicas o competencias que ha de poseer un monitor eficaz y cómo el entrenamiento puede contribuir a su adquisición o mejora.
Abstract
Throughout the scientific literature shows that studies evaluating the effectiveness of school-based substance abuse prevention programs have used a wide range of intervention agents. Nevertheless, in Spain, the school-based programs in daily practice, the vast majority, are applied only by regular classroom teachers of schools. In this regard, some research suggests that the variable type of applicator affects the effectiveness of school-based programs for drug prevention. This article presents a review of studies comparing the results obtained in the school-based programs when applied by regular classroom teachers to other external contributors. Taken together, the results of the reviewed studies are contradictory and, therefore, the evidence is not conclusive. However, it highlights the moderating role of the variable
type of monitor on the effects of programs. Finally, it is recommended to lead studies to evaluate the specific characteristics or skills that must have an effective monitor as the training can contribute to its acquisition or improvement.
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