Uso problemático de Internet, comorbilidad psicopatológica y factores de personalidad en población clí­nica adolescente

Autores/as

  • Rosa Dí­az-Hurtado Servicio de Psiquiatrí­a y Psicologí­a Infanto-Juvenil. Instituto de Neurociencias. Hospital Clí­nic de Barcelona
  • Sandra Mateus-Gómez
  • Cristina Alonso-Vilar
  • Estrella Romero-Triñanes
  • Ariadna Castro-Mesa
  • Ernesto Magallón-Neri

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21134/989

Palabras clave:

Comorbilidad, personalidad, problemas emocionales y de conducta, adolescentes, Uso problemático de Internet

Resumen

Introducción. El Uso Problemático de Internet (UPI) es frecuente en adolescentes en tratamiento psicopatológico. Este estudio analiza la prevalencia de UPI y su asociación con caracterí­sticas sociodemográficas, psicopatológicas y de personalidad en una muestra clí­nica de adolescentes. Adicionalmente, se evalúa la utilidad del Internet Addiction Test - versión jóvenes (IAT-J) y de su versión para padres (IAT-P) para detectar el diagnóstico clí­nico de “Adicción a Internet”. Método. Participaron 92 adolescentes (12-17 años) de centros de salud mental infantil y juvenil de dos ciudades españolas, junto con uno de sus padres. Los adolescentes informaron sobre su uso de Internet, rasgos y trastornos de personalidad, problemas de conducta (internalizantes y externalizantes) y otras caracterí­sticas sociodemográficas y clí­nicas. Los padres informaron sobre el uso de Internet de sus hijos y los problemas de conducta. Resultados. El 17.4% de los pacientes recibieron el diagnóstico clí­nico de “Adicción a Internet” según adaptación de los criterios DSM-5 para “Trastorno por uso de videojuegos en Internet”. El 8.7% de jóvenes (según el IAT-J) y el 41.3% de padres (según el IAT-P) reconocieron UPI grave (puntuación ≥ 70). La puntuación del IAT-J se asoció positivamente con problemas de conducta internalizantes y externalizantes, y con peor funcionamiento familiar. También correlacionó negativamente con rasgos de Amabilidad y Responsabilidad, y positivamente con rasgos de Neuroticismo, así­ como con sí­ntomas de Trastornos de Personalidad Esquizotí­pica, Histriónica, Lí­mite y Evitativa. Por último, el IAT-P resultó más preciso que el IAT-J para detectar el diagnóstico de “Adicción a Internet”. Conclusiones. Estos hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de evaluar a los pacientes con UPI en variables de personalidad, psicopatologí­a y familiares, con el fin de adaptar los tratamientos en función del resto de problemas asociados.  Además, se aporta evidencia sobre la utilidad del IAT, en especial en su versión para padres (IAT-P) para detectar precozmente “Trastorno de Adicción a Internet” en adolescentes con trastornos mentales.

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2025-02-23

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Dí­az-Hurtado, R., Mateus-Gómez, S. ., Alonso-Vilar, C. ., Romero-Triñanes, E. ., Castro-Mesa, A., & Magallón-Neri, E. . (2025). Uso problemático de Internet, comorbilidad psicopatológica y factores de personalidad en población clí­nica adolescente. Health and Addictions/Salud Y Drogas, 25(1), 143–161. https://doi.org/10.21134/989

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